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Effect of the 2020 parental benefit increase in the Czech Republic on labor supply
Šarboch, Matěj ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
Family policies can have significant impacts on individuals' behaviour in the labor mar- ket. Parental benefits policies are a prominent example. In 2020, the Czech government increased the amount of benefits paid out to parents from 220,000 CZK to 300,000 CZK. This thesis studies the effects of this reform on parents' labor supply using a difference- in-differences identification and the Labor force survey collected by the Czech Statistical Office. The results show that mothers with their youngest child being 2 or 3 years old significantly decreased their usual weekly hours worked as well as their labor force par- ticipation rate as a result of this reform. Mothers with a university degree and mothers with only one child are the most affected groups. This thesis is the first analysis of this reform and it contributes to the existing literature on effects of family policy changes and also serves as the public policy evaluation.
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Effect of the Flat Tax Reform on Labour Supply Elasticity at the Intensive and Extensive Margins: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Tomo, Ján ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with the estimation of labour supply responses to the personal income tax reform in the Czech Republic adopted in 2008 by applying quasi experimental design known as "difference-in-differences". By exploiting the different change in the effective tax rates for various population subgroups as a natural experiment and using microdata from European Labour Force Sur- vey we constructed the treatment and control groups according to the highest attained level of education serving as a proxy for an income range that assigns an individual to the particular tax bracket before and after policy change. Analysing one-person households we found significant negative effect on the labour force participation and significant positive effect on the hours work of the treated by comparing these outcomes for the treatment and control groups in the baseline and follow up periods before and after the reform. JEL Classification C21, D04, H24, H31, I38, J22 Keywords tax reform, labour supply, natural experiment, difference-in-differences Author's e-mail janxtomo@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz
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Liberalization of Trade in Peru: Analysis of the Free Trade Agreement with USA and its effect on incomes
Šimůnková, Marta ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Báťa, Karel (referee)
This thesis analyzes the trade liberalization implemented in the form of FTA between Peru and USA in 2009 and its effect on the welfare of different clusters of individuals. In the ambient of economy with high income inequities it evaluates the liberalization separately for different income-level samples. The research is based on the comparison of groups of individuals occupied in sectors that were already liberalized by other market opening tools before 2009 and groups recently affected by the FTA. The analysis is than accomplished on the household survey panel data covering the period between 2007 and 2010. The findings suggest the trade liberalization positively affected not only the wealthier population but also the poor, both from the category of individuals working in sectors producing for domestic consumption. The positive effect on export-oriented producers hasn't been approved.
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The impact of the EU ETS in the Czech Republic
Tomášková, Lenka ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
This thesis examines the environmental effect of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in the Czech Republic. Specifically, the impact of the EU ETS on CO2 emissions, carbon-fuel intensity and carbon intensity of production (measured by revenues) is analysed on installation-level financial, environmental and energy data throughout all three phases of the EU ETS over 2005 - 2019. The difference-in-differences approach with propensity score matching is used to infer the causal effect of the regulation. We find no effect of the EU ETS on carbon emissions and carbon intensities in the Czech Republic. This finding holds for various model specifications and different approaches we utilised. In the end, we discuss possible reasons why the EU ETS might not lead to any significant effect in the Czech Republic. JEL Classification O13, F18, Q54, Q58, H23, D22 Keywords EU ETS, environmental regulation, propen- sity score matching, difference-in-differences, the Czech Republic Title The impact of the EU ETS in the Czech Repub- lic
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Dopady zavedení EET na příjmy státního rozpočtu
Vaňková, Silvie
Bachelor thesis is dedicated to issues connected with electronic record of sales and the subsequent evaluation of its impact on revenue of the Czech Republic’s state budget. For this purpose, the Difference-in-Differences method is applied on value added tax data. This method is used to estimate the impact of intervention using counterfactual data representing the presumed development of subject in case of not providing the intervention. The impact estimation of the ERS is also carried out by testing the structural break in monthly data of VAT collection. The estimated results confirmed the reported benefit of this instrument to the state budget revenue, specifically VAT collection, but the exact value of its impact cannot be clearly determined.
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Vliv zavedení eura na míru inflace ve státech střední a východní Evropy
Vývoda, Ondřej
Vývoda O., The Impact of Introduction of the Euro on the Inflation Rate in Central and Eastern European states. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2019 This diploma thesis concerns with the impact of introduction of the Euro on the rates of inflation in central and eastern European states (Slovenia, Slovakia, Esto-nia, Latvia and Lithuania). First part offers a review of existing literature on the matter of inflation and perceived inflation on accession to the Monetary union. Second part is focused on the analysis of panel data where the impact of introduc-tion of euro on the inflation rates of these states is tested on the basis of the mone-tarist model of inflation determination. Subsequently, the thesis is complemented by an effects analysis in individual states using the Difference-in-differences method. The last part contains discussion and a summary of the results.
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Impact of smoke-free laws on hospitality businesses in the European perspective
Simpartl, Josef ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Haas, Emma (referee)
Ever since smoke-free laws regarding the hospitality business were proposed, there was an argument that these policies were going to harm their revenues and employment. This bachelor thesis examines this argument in the European context. The examination is divided into three parts. First, it aims to distinguish between effects of two distinctive forms of smoke-free laws. Second, it analyzes the impact of smoke-free policies over time. Third, it attempts to assess differences of their impact based on regional or socio-economic differences. Using difference-in-differences analysis of administrative annual data from Eurostat database, this thesis does not find any permanent effect of smoke-free laws on revenues or employment of hospitality businesses. The results of the analysis also show, that if there was any significant impact throughout the first years of the smoke-free law's validity, it was always short-lasting. Still, the over time impacts of the individual forms of smoke-free laws differ. In case of a partial smoke-free law, there is a statistically significant negative impact on turnover immediately after its implementation and a positive impact on employment in the third and fourth year after its implementation. The complete smoking ban does not exhibit any statistically significant impact at all. In...
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The Geopolitics of Repressions
Kosík, Martin ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Paulus, Michal (referee)
This thesis studies how geopolitical concerns influence attitudes of a state toward its ethnic minorities. Using data digitized from archival sources on more than 2 million individual arrests by the Soviet secret police, I apply difference-in-differences and synthetic control method to estimate how changing German-Soviet relations influenced repressions of Germans in the Soviet Union. The results of both methods show that there was large and statistically significant increase in arrests of Germans following the German invasion into the Soviet Union in 1941. Furthermore, the impact of war appears to be highly persistent since there is almost no decline in the estimated effect on repressions for nearly 10 years after the end of the war. Keywords repression, geopolitics, Soviet Union, difference-in-differences, synthetic control method, archival data
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Effect of the Flat Tax Reform on Labour Supply Elasticity at the Intensive and Extensive Margins: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Tomo, Ján ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with the estimation of labour supply responses to the personal income tax reform in the Czech Republic adopted in 2008 by applying quasi experimental design known as "difference-in-differences". By exploiting the different change in the effective tax rates for various population subgroups as a natural experiment and using microdata from European Labour Force Sur- vey we constructed the treatment and control groups according to the highest attained level of education serving as a proxy for an income range that assigns an individual to the particular tax bracket before and after policy change. Analysing one-person households we found significant negative effect on the labour force participation and significant positive effect on the hours work of the treated by comparing these outcomes for the treatment and control groups in the baseline and follow up periods before and after the reform. JEL Classification C21, D04, H24, H31, I38, J22 Keywords tax reform, labour supply, natural experiment, difference-in-differences Author's e-mail janxtomo@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz
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Inflation targeting and inflation perceptions: an empirical analysis
Klubíčková, Kateřina ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
In this thesis we examine the effect of introduction of inflation targeting as a monetary policy regime on the difference between actual inflation and perceived inflation. Perceived inflation is used in the analysis in contrast with previous research, because inflation perceptions are extracted from consumer surveys conducted in individual European Union countries on the whole population sample and thereby enable us to examine the effect that the introduction of inflation targeting has across the whole population. A panel data set of 19 European Union members and 1 candidate, including 7 inflation targeters, is used in the analysis, with monthly information from the period beginning in January 1990 and ending in December 2012. Based on the analysis using fixed-effects model with specific dummy variables to capture the difference-in-differences element, we find that inflation targeters experience lower differences between actual and perceived inflation and that the difference between actual and perceived inflation decreases after the introduction of inflation targeting. Furthermore, various groups divided according to socio-economic characteristics of the consumer survey respondents tend to be affected in a different way by the introduction of inflation targeting, although to a limited extent. JEL...
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